Age Cannot Wither Her, nor Custom Stale Her Infinite Variety Essay

Nor Custom Stale Her Infinite Variety In the production notes of Emily of Emerald Hill by Stella Kon, the writer uses a Shakespearean quote to describe Emily, â€Å"Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite variety†. This quote is actually from William Shakespeare’s Anthony and Cleopatra, Act II scene ii, used to describe Cleopatra’s agelessness and the many intriguing qualities she possesses. In this essay, I will aim to analyze the reasons behind the writer’s choice for using this particular quote to describe Emily and how it is relevant to the portrayal of Emily in the play. The timeline of this play is not a single, continuous timeline, but rather a broken one that leaps back and forth in time to portray different scenes where Emily reflects and reviews the events that have come to pass. It is through Emily’s reflection and review of her life that allows us to see how age has not withered Emily. No matter what events have happened over the years, may it be the death of her son or the death of her husband, Emily stands strong and is undefeated by them. She tells herself bravely, â€Å"It’s all over now. It’s all past, it can’t be changed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and still continues to look forward to living. The death of these two people in her life did not make her cling incessantly to the people around her, in fear of losing them. Instead, age and experience has taught her to let go of some things in life, one of which is her daughter, Doris, who was supposed to stay with her at Emerald Hill. This time, Emily’s willingness to let go and allow the children to make their own choices paid off. She was able to maintain a good relationship with her only daughter and is satisfied to know that Doris is living happily in America. Her willingness to let go also brought her closer to her remaining 3 children, who are willing to come back to Emerald Hill to visit her frequently with her grandchildren even though all of them moved away. Towards the end of the play, Emily seems even more content with her life as she plays with her grandchildren and sees them grow up, even though the house and land she owns is slowly deteriorating. Age has not withered her, but rather allowed her to enjoy the bliss of family love. The writer was very appropriate in using this phrase to sum up Emily’s life, as we see  Emily blossom from the unhappy young bride to the loving grandmother whom the grandchildren likes to visit. As Emily ages, her life becomes more fulfilled as she sees her children and grandchildren succeed and prosper in life. In this sense, Emily’s charm is ageless as her spirit did not grow old like her body. She remains optimistic about the future and enjoys every living moment she has with her family. Throughout the play, Emily engages in a one sided dialogue with people that are unseen on stage. Through the contents of Emily’s speech, we are able to determine whom she is talking to and see the drastic changes in the demeanor of her speech. I believe that this is where â€Å"infinite variety† appropriately describes Emily as she assumes different speech stances with different people. This brings out the many different sides of Emily, for example – the busy housewife of the family, the upper-class lady, the caring friend, the loving mother, and many other different roles she has to take up to ensure that the family is well-cared for, like clockwork. The writer chooses to intersperse the conversations in a way that the conversations highly contrast each other and brings the readers to attention the countless â€Å"varieties† of Emily. The interspersing of the conversations is very evident in Act One. In her conversation with Susie, she uses a lot of Singlish, such as â€Å"Ya-lah† and â€Å"ya† as she adapts an extremely casual tone. In the Singaporean context, her manner of speech may be even considered â€Å"aunty-like†, where she sounds like the common middle-aged Singaporean woman that we frequently encounter on the streets. From their conversation, the reader learns that Emily is extremely busy with the household errands whether it may be big or small. We come to see Emily as a busy housewife that is in charge of all that is going on in the house. However, as Emily makes her next call, her manner of speech is completely different. Not only does she do away with the Singlish, she engages a sophisticated and polite tone with the hotel staff. She gives off the impression of an educated upper-class lady, which is a huge jump from her previous â€Å"aunty-like† demeanor. Her next phone call goes to her best friend Bee Choo, where she assumes the same manner of speech as she did earlier on with Sophie. If the writer placed these conversations slightly  differently, the effect would not have been as striking. The act of the writer â€Å"sandwiching† the hotel’s phone call with that of Susie’s and Bee Choo’s brings about the first hint of Emily’s â€Å"varieties†. Throughout the rest of the play, Emily generally uses her posh upper-class lady manner of speech to speak to important guests and the upper-class families she socializes with, while at the same time also retaining her â€Å"aunty-like† and casual demeanor when she is speaking to her family or close friends. As we read on, we discover the many other â€Å"varieties† of Emily, of which there are 2 sides of Emily that stands out and contrasts each other – the sly Emily and the dutiful wife. I feel that it is in the convergence of these 2 sides of Emily the highlights the way where â€Å"custom cannot stale her infinite variety†. The first hint of these two qualities of Emily merging together is evident in Act Two, the part of the play where Emily celebrates her first Chinese New Year at Emerald Hill. In this part of the play, Emily slyly makes good use of tradition to get her sister and brother-in-law to pay homage to her. This event can be approached from two different perspectives. In the eyes of Emily’s mother and father-in-law, Emily is seen as the dutiful daughter-in-law who wants to pay her respects to her elders and make them happy, but in the eyes of Susie and her husband, Emily can be seen as the sly younger sister-in-law that forced them to kneel down to her. While the act of kneeling down symbolizes respect and reverence in Chinese tradition, in the context of Emily’s story, the act of Susie and her husband kneeling down to Emily actually symbolizes the consolidation of Emily’s position in the family as the head mistress. It is after this incident that Susie’s bullying stopped and the whole family came to view her as the woman of the household rather than the unseasoned young bride. In this part of the play, not only did the incorporation of a traditional practice not stale her, it elevated her charm and brought out even more captivating sides of Emily. Another event that combines both the sly Emily and the dutiful wife would also be in Act Two, where Emily calls Kheong and tells him to send out the invitations if he still wants to carry on for the big dinner on September the fifteenth. This dinner was a family tradition started by her  father-in-law to celebrate the end of the Japanese Occupation. On the surface, Emily is the dutiful wife who is still willing to help her husband host the big event despite his unfaithfulness. However, the hidden message here to Kheong is that no matter how much he wants to be with his mistress Diana Lee, he would never be able to properly present her to any important guests during these formal events as she is not his lawful wife. It is also made clear to him to make a choice between Emily and Diana as he comes to the realization that he would never be truly free of Emily’s firm grasp even if he does not live in Emerald Hill anymore. This is a prelude to Emily’s conversation with the audience later, â€Å"Look after your husband and family, yes: do everything for them, wrap them, bind them in the web of your providing, till they can’t lift a finger to help themselves: so that husband and son and sister-in-law must all depend on you, so that you control them and keep them in the palm of your hand.† From the way Emily socializes with her guests at Richard’s party in Act One, it is clear that people accept and view her as the one and only hostess of Emerald Hill. It is these little things that she does (host parties, does his laundry, cook his food) as a wife to wrap and bind Kheong in her â€Å"web of providing†, even when he is living with Diana. Emily knows this very well, and she uses her status as the well-known hostess of Emerald hill to cement her strong standing as Kheong’s publically acknowledged wife. Her conversation with Kheong asking about the invitations may seem innocent, but she is actually slyly reminding him about the importance of her presence inside his life. Again, Emily uses tradition to triumph and win back her husband. Instead of helplessly watching her marriage break apart, she made use of the family’s traditional event to save her marriage. At the same time, she also used her role of the traditional wife who takes excellent ca re of her family in many different aspects to prove to her husband that she is indispensible in his life, may it be socially or privately. In her own words, she is truly â€Å"the very devil of a wife and mother†, which in itself presents to us infinite varieties of Emily. Age has not withered Emily as her heart remains youthful and ageless, while custom was not only unable to stale her infinite varieties but had rather brought out Emily’s many intriguing qualities. As the material things around  Emily deteriorate and diminish in quantity, her spiritual bliss is ever-growing as she remains unforgotten by her children and grandchildren. I think that the Emily now is assured of her significance and worth in life, and never afraid again of being thrown â€Å"back into the gutter†. 1723 Words Bibliography 1. http://www.bartleby.com/70/4522.html 2. Emily of Emerald Hill by Stella Kon, Writing Singapore, An Historical Anthology of Singapore Literature, Edited by Angelina Poon, Philip Holden & Shirley Geok-lin Lim ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://www.bartleby.com/70/4522.html

President Obama Health Care Plan: ” What It All Mean for Us”

More than a week after President Obama signed the sweeping new health care law, which eventually provides insurance coverage for 32 million uninsured American, many of us are still scratching our head (Parker). What just happened? And how and when will we start feeling its effect? Effective this year, in six months, children with preexisting condition cannot be denied health care. In 2014, Medicaid will cover individual up to 133 percent of the poverty levels (Landau and Parker) also, in 2014, insurance companies will not be able to deny adults with preexisting conditions coverage or charge them higher premium.Some adult won’t likely qualify for Medicaid under the 2014 rules (4). More immediately however, they will benefit from the expansion of funding for community health center, which offer free and reduced-cost care. While the biggest change will not take effect until 2014 some important provision will begin as early as June, the question that everyone want to know is †Å"How soon will the new law help me† (Obama Plan). The answer depends on your age and reason for not having insurance.If you can’t afford or don’t qualify for insurance because of a preexisting Medicaid problem (1). You may be eligible for a new federal â€Å"High risk† pool to be offered by the end of June (2). The federal plan is expected to offer more affordable coverage than the existing state plan and will not impose the same income restriction as Medicaid (Obama Plan). The new plan will begin immediately to close the Medicare â€Å"donut hole†, by giving you 50 percent discount on brand-name prescription drug for senior who qualify.It will end insure practice of charging different premium or denying coverage based on gender, and will limit premium variation based on age. The new bill will provide new tax credit on a suding scale to individual and families that will limit how much of their income can be spent on premium. People with nongroup pl an may see increase, but more than half the enrollees in nongroup plan will qualify for federal subsidies, lowering cost for middle and moderate-income families on average by about 60 percent (Obama Plan 7 ).And also this year tax credit as high as 30 percent of premium will be available to many small businesses, which offer health coverage to employee. The President plan will also cap out-of pocket expanse and will prohibit insurance companies from imposing annual or lifetime caps on benefits payments. Under the new rule companies generally can’t rescind a policy for a minor application error. Many people look at this as a better law for health care.Better for all American families; like there are now no more worries about if you will be coverage because you don’t have insurance or if you worried about losing your job and now have no money to pay for your child Medicare bills. This plan will protect all that qualify for better health care. Although there are still peo ple that feel that this isn’t much and that feel we have went from a full plan with a small deductible and great prescription coverage to a plan now that is basically a high-deductible plan. But I feel that it’s a winner.

Bumper Stickers

Every person has his story, and every bumper sticker also comes from a specific background of sorts. It may be pure humor, political satire, political stand, a line from a favorite movie, a striking line from a song, or names of one’s children. Whatever the sticker has, it says a lot about the owner of the car in which it is stuck. For example, a car has this to say: There is no flag large enough to hide the shame of killing innocent people. -Howard Zinn. This shows that the owner of the car values peace.It also means that he is against the war that the United States is putting up with other countries. Another car agrees with this bumper sticker, saying Peace is Patriotic. Other bumper stickers are meant for humor. There is I’m busy, you’re ugly, have a nice day; and Drugs lead nowhere, but it’s a scenic route. Another is Work harder, millions on welfare depend on you, and Speak your mind even if your voice shakes. These examples are just some among the mi llions, even billions, of quotations that Americans love to turn into bumper decals.Though some will get a bumper sticker for the sheer aesthetics of it, some would opt for something which speaks their thoughts. This proves that bumper stickers are a way for Americans to converse. It is used to tell others the position of the car owner about something, without being popish about it. It is also a way to speak up satirically, lightening serious issues with a play on words. However, there is the saying that all jokes are always half meant. This can be said to be true in the case of bumper stickers.While the car owners are injecting humor into the messages, they are undoubtedly meant to say something. Sometimes, it is an avenue to speak about something without really saying anything at all. Americans are letting their car bumpers do the talking so to speak. Some people post bumper stickers that say something about themselves. Thus, there are stickers bearing the words Lawyer, Vegan, Ame rican, Dog lover, and so on. There are also bumper stickers which make fun of what others are. A very funny example would be a Vegan bumper sticker with a fried chicken graphic.A sticker with the words Well-behaved women rarely make history is another funny example. All of these talk about personalities, and the funnier the message then the more interesting the bumper sticker is for many Americans. Bumper stickers are also good tools for recognizing the feelings of others and identifying it with one’s own. A sticker saying: Caution: Backseat Driver may well be chosen by someone whose wife or relative loves to play the role—and when an American has these words in his car bumper, it is easy for others in the same situation to identify.Anyone who has been spotted on by a pigeon will laugh at a Take revenge, shit on a pigeon bumper sticker. Drivers whose cars are old-fashioned or even junky can identify with the bumper sticker This is not an abandoned vehicle. The same goe s with bumper stickers saying Yes, as a matter of fact I do own the whole damn road, which can be funny for other drivers to see. Other stickers can be discriminating too. There is Caution: Blonde thinking, which is a take against blondes. There is also the sarcastic Feminism is the radical notion that women are people.Other stickers teach lessons: Change how you see, not how you look; Support our troops, bring them home; while others advertise presidential candidates, political parties, organizations, companies, and even websites. Indeed, bumper stickers are already a part of the American life. Friends may even compare and share laughs on these simple decals. Yet on these simple conversations from such simple things, there is always a deeper thought. Bumper stickers say something about their owners, as much as the owners would like to say something through them.

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 20

Personal Statement Example I honestly believe that the skills and competencies to be gained in this field of endeavor would immensely assist in the degree course that I intend to pursue. There are various expectations one could assert from a university education. For one, I am sure that the advanced and specialized theoretical frameworks that a college degree would provide are essential to be applied in my future career. In addition, a university education would enable inculcating the needed skills set that are crucial in the profession. For a business marketing graduate, the prospects for professional growth for the next five to seven years have been reported to be fast, averaging about 12%, as reported in the Occupational Outlook Handbook (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). Graduates from reputable universities, such as AUS, would provide core competencies that would facilitate finding appropriate employment in contemporary global organizations that accord lucrative financial returns. In addition, the network of friends, instructors, affiliates, and colleagues from the university would assist in referring me to future organizations that require my personal skills, qualifications, and knowledge gained from AUS. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2014, January 8). Advertising, Promotions, and Marketing Managers. Retrieved from Occupational Outlook Handbook:

SAM 450 UNIT 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 450 UNIT 8 - Assignment Example However, there are certain fundamental elements of corporate sponsorships that are worth noting. These include advertising and sponsored property. In this regard, whereas the sponsor agrees to sponsor an athlete or sporting club, the sponsor also benefits through television adverts, which are aired during the programme breaks. Accordingly, it becomes clear that corporate sponsorship aims to create a mutual benefit between the sponsor and the sponsored. However, before entering into a sponsorship agreement, there are certain fundamental considerations that an athlete or a sporting club and the sponsor should take into consideration. Firstly, both parties must ensure that the sponsorship agreement being entered into will create mutual benefit (Stier, 2011). In this case, the sponsored party must ensure that the sponsor is worth the money. Similarly, the sponsor must also ensure that the athlete or the sporting club to be sponsored can attract large audience viewing to enable its product brand reach many people. Secondly, the parties to the sponsorship agreements must ensure that they all the terms of engagements, including the sponsorship duration, circumstances that might result into termination of the agreements and renewal terms. Thirdly, it is critical for the parties to sponsorship agreements to agree on the sponsorship fees before entering into a written agreement. Lastly, the parties to the sponsorship agreement should ensure that the obligations of both the athlete or sporting club and the sponsor are clearly defined and documented to minimize chances of

Poor Interaction Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Poor Interaction Managment - Essay Example This paper approves that in every problem, recommendations must be made. In this analysis, the following recommendations would help in resolving the problem. To start with, this is a very critical problem to deal with. Since there are no witnesses available, it would b very hard to crack this case. The best thing I would recommend is by all the workers who have had a rough experience with the Human resource Manager forget and move on. This will enhance a good relationship to growth while they understand each other. Moreover, it would create a sense of belonging and it will help them reconnect with their past mistakes. The management and the board should look into the matter so that incase of any cases of sexual harassment, James should be charger in a court of law. Incase he found guilty, there should be no reason for having him in the organisation, he should be fired and another Human Resource Manager should be hired who would create a good interpersonal relation with the workers. M anaging staff in organisations should use their interpersonal skills to know how to deal with workers and how to communicate to them effectively without showing signs of favouritism. Thes essay makes a conclusion that mismanagement of interpersonal relation has become a big issue in the society today, everyone with power exploiting the powerless due to lack of interpersonal relations. James lacks a good interpersonal relationship with the workers and he uses that opportunity to exploit them. He has a good relationship interpersonally with management that make is simple for him to have a scapegoat.

Difference between intelligent and wisdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Difference between intelligent and wisdom - Essay Example The need to find the truth behind the functioning of different world phenomena and nature makes knowledge equally necessary for humankind. Knowledge, from the philosophical standpoint, may include that which emanates from an individual’s intellect or possession of wisdom. The debate on the distinctions that exist between intellect and wisdom attracts the consideration of several philosophical concepts. From a philosophical perspective, it is incontrovertible that both intelligence and wisdom constitute knowledge. This brings the question of how knowledge based on intelligence differs from that with a foundation on wisdom. Many philosophical attributes to intelligence relate it to the ability to embrace rational reasoning. Rationality, as pertains to reasoning, involves individuality of thought and reasoning. Knowledge gained through experience after an expansive span of time would bring wisdom. Lifelong education coupled with the various instances, through which one acquires k nowledge, are avenues that contribute to the acquisition of wisdom that individual posses. However, there is difference between information acquisition over a long time and the level of an individual’s wisdom. ... Wise individuals tend to concentrate on the desire and enthusiasm of redefining old truths and philosophical perspectives and ideas that may present confusing and divergent opinions. Wisdom, therefore, is a basis on which there is the gain of a deep understanding of ideas beyond existing theories. Generally, this comes with high advancement in an individual’s age. The relation of redefinition of phenomena to old age emanates from the necessity to relate past events to present situations. This renders the elderly part of the population well advanced, in age, to relate events over time. The various concerns that wisdom explore include the search for humanity and morality in the society. Knowledge of intellects and the wise may also differ in their forms of approach. An intellect would acquire knowledge through scientific means that are explainable in a way that detaches the individual from the context in study. It is purely abstract an explained through theoretical points of vie w. This renders intellect as impersonal and unrelated from the person. Intellectual knowledge, therefore, is self-governing through contextual explanations rather than based on attributes to the person who posses it. Wisdom, however, adopts a contrary approach from intellect. It assumes a spiritual approach to defining different phenomena. The wise are anxious about life-defining issues as the significance of life. In the definition and contextualization of most subjects, wise individuals adopt a personal approach. The premises in the discourse to finding an answer to a situation and concern do not depend on rigid theories that have empirical proofs. Instead, the wise finds solutions based on their personal feelings and their experience, over time, that helps in explaining their opinions.

Speech. Limit Sex in Advertising to the public Essay

Speech. Limit Sex in Advertising to the public - Essay Example Nonetheless, the companies found themselves on constant competition with visual promotions in both television and print media. One thing that differentiated one company advert from the other was the sex appeal employed. Reichert and Lambiase (2002, p. 25) defines sex appeal advertising as the form of advertising that draws customer’s attention through the use of sexual appeals that have been used as a form of communication technique. It almost goes without saying that contemporary customers are acquainted to more sex in advertising than ever before. This inclination of escalating use of sexual oriented topics and ideas is evident upon inspection of the broadcast and print media. In essence, marketers employ the use of romantic themes, nudity, or implicative ideas or topics to acquire the attention of its consumers. Though the use of sex in advertising has numerous advantages, limited research has been directed towards its implications on the society. In reference to Reichert and Lambiase (2002, p. 35), the use of sex appeal advertising has numerous significant public policy, social, and managerial implications. These propositions pivot the preferred depiction of women in the modern society, the circumstance under which marketers and advertisers should not use sexual themes in communicating with its consumers. For this reason, those impacted most by the sex appealing adverts are the women, both young and old, and not the targeted consumers. To the young women with developing and growing ideologies and bodies, sex appealing advertisements portraying women in a sexual explicit manner, whether fully clothed or nude, an imperative wrong is being executed. For the young and shapeable women, Jacobson and Mazur (1995, p. 79) notes that their perception of what they should wear, how they should look and how they should act is influenced, all with the assumption that

Time extension under FIDIC 1999 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Time extension under FIDIC 1999 - Essay Example It also includes details of operations like payments and specific works to be done in the contract. Due to the fact that the construction contract comes with numerous elements which define the contractors tender, employers letter of acceptance, contract agreement, contract conditions and technical details2, it is prone to numerous issues that can affect its interpretation. This include misunderstanding, conflict and other disputes. In order to minimize these problems, FIDIC has a set of standardised rules and regulations that control the operation of construction contracts. The 1999 FIDIC Red Book sets out provisions for continuity of projects, encouragement of of constructive relationships and provisions for dealing with uncertainties3. Clause 20.1 provides an important guideline on how claims can be made and it regulates the relationship between Employers and Contractors on making claims for further payments and time extensions amongst other things4. Clause 20.1 states that: â€Å"If the Contractor considers himself to be entitled to any extension of the Time for completion and/or any additional payment, under any Clause of these conditions or otherwise in connection with the contract, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer describing the event or circumstances giving rise to the claim. The notice shall be given as son as practicable, and not later than 28 days after the Contractor becomes aware or should, after the contractor becomes aware, or should have become aware of the events or circumstances† This clause attempts to create a timeframe within which Contractors must report issues relating to time constraints need for further payments and other issues. This is necessary because there is the need for some kind of order to ensure that Employers and Contractors needs are respected and there is no indefinite right for Contractors to come back with their demands and requests for time

Disadvantage of social network and our new generation Essay

Disadvantage of social network and our new generation - Essay Example My main aim was to understand the disadvantages that are associated with its use and come up with solutions that might be helpful. Presently, a large percentage of people use social networking sites and this has increased the interactions between people all over the world. The social networking sites integrate numerous internet aspects like personal profiles, blogs, videos and photos as well as the most current news on different issues and much more (Vermaat 128). D. Preview Statement: Since all the disadvantages are numerous and cannot be covered extensively in a single sitting, we will consider a few of them. To begin with, we will look at how social media may make it easier for identity thieves to carry out their illegal actions and how this may be harmful to the people who use social media. Second, we will dwell on how social media may lead cyber bulling depending on the kind of photos that new generation posts on these sites. Finally, we will consider how social networking can b e addictive to the people who use it and how this may be counterproductive. A. Main Point: Social networks are supposed to improve communication while bringing people closer together and even though it was meant to be advantageous to the people who use it, the main disadvantage that might be associated with it is personal identity theft (Furht 265). 1. The Problem: So that a person can use a social networking site, he or she must avail personal information before getting permission to access the site. Some news and information that has emerged recently has revealed that some of the networking sites have compromised personal information that is associated with their users through allowing advertisers to evade the end user privacy (Sosinsky 398). b. Grounds: When teenagers spend too much time on social networking sites they will not get enough time to deal with his or her schoolwork and this will make them lag behind other students in the class.

Assessment 2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assessment 2 - Case Study Example The indication is known as offer. An offer is an explicit or implied conduct by the offeror which indicates his willingness to commence a legal relationship with the offeree (Smith V Hughes). An offer must be accepted by the offeree. Acceptance creates a consensus ad idem which is the meeting of two minds and a binding contract is formed. The acceptance of an offer must be communicated by the offeree to the offeror. Communication of an acceptance is in different forms. However, acceptance through post comes with distinct rules. In Adams V Lindsell (1818), it was established that once an acceptance is posted by the offeree, there is a binding contract. In this case, Watertankz appears to be a business that deals with items Harry was interested in. After the contact between Harry and Watertankz, Watertankz made an explicit offer by telling Harry that they had the tanks he wanted and showed him how to make the purchase. This is a valid offer and Harry had the right to follow it up with an acceptance or not. Making such an offer in itself is an intention to create a legal relationship. According the the elements of contract law, Harry accepted the contract and this created a binding contract which effectively prevents Watertankz from revoking the contract without penalties. This is because according to the postal rule, an acceptance is made hence a binding contract is formed the moment an offeree posts his acceptance to the offeror. This therefore means that Harry gained legal rights the moment he mailed his acceptance to Watertankz. The offer made by Watertankz was accepted by Harry. This means that it is not legal for Watertankz to revoke the contract or opt out without incurring damages. The fact that prices are rising is not material in this sense. This is because Watertankz made the offer as an informed party and in this case, the concept of caveat emptor which requires them to be

The Withered Arm Essay Example for Free

The Withered Arm Essay Who do you think is to be blamed for the tragedies? In this essay I am going to try my best to answer the question Who do you think is to blame for the tragedy of The Withered Arm? I will attempt to include as much information and reasons to whom I think is to be blamed and why. I will try to justify these reasons with various quotes and descriptions by referring to the text. Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 and died in 1825. He was a great novelist who wrote many famous novels such as Mayor of Casterbridge and Far From The Madding Crowd. These novels are now known for being classic literature. Most of the novels he wrote were depressing and ironic. The Withered Arm is one of many Thomas Hardy short novels, it is set in the late 1800s in a village called Holmstoke that has a small rural community of mostly milkmaids. There are three main characters in this novel they consist of: Farmer Lodge; a wealthy and respected man, who is well known for his good reputation. Also there is Rhoda Brook; a not so wealthy woman and less fortunate than Farmer Lodge with a reputation of being a witch. Lastly there is also Gertrude Lodge; she is Farmer Lodges new wife. .. They say shes rosy-cheeked, titsy-totsy little body enough. This indicates that she is a pretty woman with a perfect body. In opposition Rhoda isnt very popular with the other workers she is described as A thin, fading woman of thirty milked somewhat apart from the rest. This emphasies that although she has been there for many years people still dont like her. The relationship between Farmer Lodge and Gertrude is that they are a newly married couple in the village that are madly in love with each other, Farmer Lodge literally worships Gertrude. All eyes were fixed upon her This quotation gives a vision of a new, young beauty walking through a public place and everybodys eyes follow her up the street. Farmer Lodge is always gloating and saying how beautiful she is: The well-to-do Farmer Lodge came nearly last; and his young wife, who accompanied him, walked up the aisle with the shyness natural to a modest woman who had appeared thus for the first time. This shows us that Farmer Lodge did this on purpose so heand Gertrude would become centre of attention because they are the most popular and talked about couple, also this would make everyone notice how pretty Gertrude is. Rhoda Brook and Farmer Lodge had a relationship in the past, which then ends when Rhoda falls pregnant. Rhoda would have become an outcast of the society having brought some shame and embarrassment not only for her, but for Farmer Lodge as well for having a baby outside of marriage. Also Farmer Lodge could not take the humiliation of him having a relationship with a lower class lady, who is just a milkmaid. A while after their relationship Farmer Lodge meets Gertrude; they fall madly in love and get married but does poor Gertrude know what shes got herself into? Farmer Lodge has been lying to Gertrude and has kept a secret about his past relationship and the fact that he has a son. The basic gist of the story is that Rhoda Brook becomes extremely jealous of Gertrude and her beauty; she is always thinking about her as a result Rhoda starts to envy Gertrude and hatred is caused. Rhoda has a dream, in which she saw Gertrude as an old ugly woman: .. with features shockingly distorted, and wrinkled as by age.. I think this reflects Rhodas feelings about Gertrude very well because, as we already know she is jealous of her beauty and she has created Gertrude to look like this to calm and reassure herself because Rhoda knows she is losing her looks. This dream causes Gertrudes arm some terrible pain the morning after the reason for this being is that Rhoda dreamt of her grabbing Gertrudes arm and swinging her .. Swung out her right hand, seized the confronting spectre by its obtrusive left arm, and whirled it backwards to the floor.. The arm becomes worse and it comes to a point when Gertrude is desperate for a cure but cannot find one. In the meantime, Farmer Lodges love slowly drifts as her arm withers towards the end and she discovers that the only cure is to put her arm onto a hanged mans neck as told by Conjurer Trendle. In The Withered Arm there are many tragedies but the main one is of course, Gertrudes withered arm. It was the one that was shocking and disturbing especially towards Rhoda and Gertrude. With Rhodas witchcraft powers she wonders if it was actually her who caused the withered arm. There was a supernatural force to this tragedy and it was unavoidable to Rhoda. Rhoda only had the dream because she envied Gertrude If the sweet and kindly Gertrude Lodge only knew of the dream-scene in the bed-chamber, what would she think? This quote emphasises that Rhoda was feeling guilty about having such an evil dream and that after meeting Gertrude she realised that she is a good person. Tragedy is the main theme of the novel and it symbolises an event that is usually bad, which ends in a dramatic way, which is often unexpected. Tragedies can be caused by peoples actions or decisions, which can have unpleasant effects, and it could have been avoided if people took more care and consideration in one anothers actions. A tragedy can lead to an un-happy life. Blame is also a keyword in this novel because it provokes guilt and regret, which is exactly the feeling of Farmer Lodge especially, towards the end of the novel but also towards Rhoda. Blame means to be held responsible or being the cause of something. To be blamed means holding someone guilty for something theyve done wrong, or in some cases theyve done nothing wrong. However, sometimes things can go wrong and someone needs to blame a person, even if it is not their fault, just to rest their minds. To be blamed for something can give someone a bad reputation. I believe that Farmer Lodge is to be held responsible for the tragedy; firstly because he left Rhoda whilst she was pregnant with his child. Secondly; He married Gertrude and finally; Farmer Lodges love for Gertrude fading. If he had never left Rhoda then I think she would never have put some kind of a curse on Farmer Lodge and Gertrude would not have been affected by it. I do not feel sympathetic for Farmer Lodge because he was the main cause of the tragedy and he started all the troubles before realising the consequences. I think Farmer Lodge should have told Gertrude about his past relationship because I think Gertrude would understand and she wouldnt be worried about his past relationship because she is convinced that Farmer Lodge is in love with her. Also she would be happy of the fact that Farmer Lodge hasnt been keeping any lies from her and that he is being truthful. In my opinion Farmer Lodge to me is a cold hearted man towards Gertrude and his son Oh no. He hant spoke to Rhoda Brook for years. This expresses that he hadnt only spoken to them for a long time but he also did not care for Rhoda and their son. Farmer Lodge loved Gertrude for her looks and that she was younger than he was. The woman whom he had wooed for her grace and beauty . Having a beautiful younger wife made Farmer Lodge feel good and look good about himself; he wanted to show the community that he is still capable of attracting a pretty woman no matter what the past. Farmer Lodge is a vein man, appearance and reputation is very important to him. When Gertrudes arm started to wither it became obvious that Farmer Lodge started to dislike her because he thought she was losing her beauty it also made Gertrude depressed because she realised that her arm was making her less attractive and that Farmer Lodge was not showering her with love as he usually did .. Mr and Mrs Lodges married experience sank into prosiness, and worse. The farmer was usually gloomy and silent Six years of marriage and only a few months of love Towards the end of the novel, we discover two more tragedies that have a disturbing impact on all three characters. By this time we know that Gertrude has become desperate and very impatient of finding a cure for her arm. When she goes to visit Conjurer Trendle, he tells her the only cure is to place her arm on a hanged mans neck, although she is a bit hesitant as to what she has to do, Gertrude is still determined to give it a try She started a little at the image he had raised.. Little did innocent Gertrude know that the person she is using to cure her disfigment is Rhodas son who was hung because he was accused of arson. Soon after Gertrude realised who it was she could not take the stress and she became ill; physically and mentally. The shock of everything that had happened to her caused her to die. When Gertrude and Rhodas son both died, I think thats when Farmer Lodge became softer and sensitive. He felt guilty for everything he did to Rhoda and how he treated both Rhoda and Gertrude. He left his money to a boys charity and gave some to Rhoda so that she could manage on her own. Burdened at first with moodiness and remorse, he eventually changed for the better, and appeared as a chastened and thoughtful man. To conclude this essay I have decided that Farmer Lodge is responsible for all the tragedies that occurred within The Withered Arm. He should not have left Rhoda bringing up their child on her own without any support. Farmer Lodge leaving Rhoda made her become curious and jealous when he re-married to Gertrude, as a result this feeling caused Rhoda to have a dream. Gertrude was affected because it caused her arm to gradually wither until it came to a point when the arm was cureless by any ointment or medication. If Farmer Lodge had been a good father and frequently helped his son and Rhoda out with financial difficulties maybe no tragedies would occur and everything would have been normal. Gertrude died of not having the satisfaction of a cured arm and being loved and feeling beautiful again. I think Gertrude did not deserve to have a difficult and miserable life. She was an innocent and kindhearted woman who was just madly in love with her newly wed husband.

The Dc Motor Speed Control Methods Engineering Essay

The Dc Motor Speed Control Methods Engineering Essay ABSTRACT This paper describes the Matlab and simulink converts into actuality of the DC motor speed control methods, namely field resistance, armature resistance control methods and armature voltage, and feedback control system for DC motor drives and this paper describes mathematical modelling, simulation of DC motor system using computer simulations Matlab and simulink, by this system response to change various parameters like system stability, disturbances, analysis and optimization of model parameters with respect to the quality of control. If simulation techniques are used for determining the control parameters a simulation model is necessary, which has to be constructed from the analytical model. INTRODUCTION DC Motor is an electrical motor and it most commonly used in an electrical device for easy to drive the instruments, steel rolling mills, electric cranes, and robotic manipulators due to precise, wide, simple, and continuous control characteristics. To control the speed of low power DC Motor rheostatic armature control method were used. The basic parts of the DC motor are- axle, rotor (armature), stator, commutator, field magnet, and brushes. In the geometry of brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor windings are arranged in such a manner so that when power is applied then polarities of the energized winding and the stator magnets are misaligned and the rotor will start to rotate until it is almost aligned with the stators field magnets. When the rotor reaches to alignment, the brushes move to next commutator contacts, and energize the next winding. There are variable types of DC Motor available in market with the good and bad qualities. Bad quality means lag in efficiency. To recover or stop this kind efficiency problem controller is introduce in the system. Brushed DC motors are most widely used in applications and its ranging from toys to push-button adjustable car seats. Brushed DC (BDC) motors are inexpensive but easy to drive. Brushed DC motors are easily available in all size and shape with the wide range from large-scale industrial models to small motors for light applications (such as 12 V DC motors). . BDC motors are most commonly used in easy to drive, with variable speed and high start-up torque applications. OBJECTIVE The Fig.1 shows the analogues electrical circuit. MODELLING The circuit which was given is drawn in the Matlab by using simulink. In the circuit diagram the flow of current BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure shows the block diagram of DC motor TRANSFER FUNCTION K/{(Ls+R)(Js+f)+K2}  Ã‚ ± 1/s Vapp Fig 4.1. Transfer Function STATE SPACE MODEL As we know that, V- .†¦. (1) †¦.. (2) Substituting equation (2) in (1) †¦. (3) .†¦ (4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (5) Substituting (5) in (4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (6) Differentiating (6), we get †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (7) Putting (3) in (7), we get †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (8) Now †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (9) Substituting (9) in (8), we get We know that x=Ax + Bu Y=Cx + Du X= The State Space Model represents by the linear equation and it is written as. x= Ax + Bu y = Cx + Du Below figure shows the state space model (Calculation is in appendix) Figure 5.1 State Space Model PHYSICAL SYSTEM Consider a DC Motor, in this electrical circuit of the armature and free body diagram of rotor are shown in figure below. http://zone.ni.com/cms/images/devzone/tut/mpm-2-motor1.gif Fixture: DC Motor is a common actuator in control systems. Brushed DC Motor fundamentals A Brushed DC Motor consists of stationary fixed permanent magnets i.e. stator, a rotating electromagnetic i.e. rotor and flux, which is concentrated by metal. Rotor rotate by the attraction of the opposite poles and repulsion of the like poles, it cause to generate torque and torque acts on rotor and then make it turn. As the rotor start to rotate or turn then fixed brushes make and breaks the contact in such a way that with the rotating segments (commutation). The rotor coil of the brushed motor energized and de-energized in such a way so that the rotor start to turns. By transferring the power to the motor, current generate in rotor coils and therefore the north and south poles are reversed and because of the motor change the direction. From the Strength of the magnetic field, speed and torque of the motor depend Figure (1) Brushed DC Motor PRINCIPLE OPERATION Construction and operation of the Brushed DC Motor is shown below in figure (2).for the construction of the BDC motor always the same components are required i.e. Stator, rotor, commutator and brush. Figure (2) Simple two-pole brushed DC Motor Stator The rotor surrounded by the stationary magnetic field which is generated by the stator and this filed is generated by the permanent magnet or electromagnetic winding. On the construction of the stator, different types of BDC distinguish. Rotor Rotor is also known as an armature and it is made up of one or more windings. Magnetic field is produce when they energized. When the opposite pole of the magnetic poles, attract to each other which is generated by the stator, and causing the rotor to turns. The opposite poles are always attracting to each other. As the motor turns, the windings are being constantly energized. This deviation of the field in the rotor is called as an armature. Brushes and commutator There is no requirement of controller in BDC to switch current in motor winding. The commutation winding of the BDC motor is done mechanically. Reside on the axel of rotor there is a segmented copper sleeves called commutator. Carbon brushes slides over the commutator coming in a contact with the different segments of the commutator as the motor starts to turn. When the voltage is applied across the brushes of the motor then dynamic magnetic field is generated inside the motor. Brushes and commutator are the most important parts of the BDC motor that are most prone to wear because they are the sliding part to each other. SPEED CONTROL The Speed of a DC Motor is directly proportional to the voltage. By using the digital controller voltage can be control and to generate the average voltage pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is used. In motor there is a motor winding which acts as a low pass filter so PWM develop a suitable current in the motor winding. ADVANTAGES Cheap in price because low cost of construction. Extend a life by replacing a brush. Inexpensive motor and simple control. Speed/Torque is normal at high speed. On fixed speed no control is required, Controller is required only at variable speed in this condition same controller can be used. DISADVANTAGES Maintenance is required for brushed DC Motor because of brush. If the brush friction increases, reduce the useful torque. Heat dissipation is poor because of internal rotor construction. Speed range is limited because of the mechanical limitation on brushes. Life is also shorter. Noise is generated due to brush. Application examples: moving toys, fans, printers, robots, electric bikes, -doors, -windows, -sun roofs, -seats, mixers, food processors, can openers, blenders, vacuum cleaners, toothbrushes, razors, coffee grinders, etc. Physical Parameters Moment of inertia of the motor (J) = 9.89 E-7 kg Nm s/rad Damping ratio of the mechanical system (b) = 5.84E-7 Nm s/rad Electromotive force or motor constant (K=Ke=Kt) = 0.008 Nm/-w Electric resistance (R) = 0.80 ohms Electric inductance (L) = 0.00041H Friction coefficient, f Input (V): Source Voltage Output (theta): position of shaft the rotor and shaft are assumed to be rigid CONCLUSION Brushed DC motors are very simple to use and easy to control, which makes them a short design-in item. PIC microcontrollers, especially those with CCP or ECCP modules are ideally suited for driving BDC motors. Refference Circuit Diagram for DC Motor Control by A. Collins http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10513.pdf http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00905a.pdf http://www.orientalmotor.com/MotionControl101/AC-brushless-brushed-motors.html http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00885a.pdf http://www.dynetic.com/brushless%20vs%20brushed.htm file:///D:/matlab/index.php.htm

Pathophysiology Of Multiple Sclerosis Health And Social Care Essay

Pathophysiology Of Multiple Sclerosis Health And Social Care Essay Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and its characterized mainly by demylination of the myelin sheath (CALABRESI, 2004). There are specific types of MS which are; relapsing-remitting type of MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), in addition to other types of MS but they are very rare such as progressive-relapsing MS (Norris, wells, 2007). There are many symptoms that specify MS. these symptoms can be categorized into the initial symptoms, the prodromal symptoms, and the symptoms that come along the course of MS (W.B Matthews, 1992). The recent methods of treatment for MS are mainly focusing at slowing the progression of the disease and keeping the symptoms under control, this can be achieved by using combinations of different medications (MCW Health link, 2007). Patients with MS usually have compromised balance (Fjeldstad, 2009). This can be caused by lesions located in the cerebellum that may lead to ataxia, or it could be as a secondary problem to diplopia, muscular weakness of the trunk or the limbs, vestibular problems, decreased sensory feedback and lower limbs spasticity (Fjeldstad, 2009). One of the new methods discovered to treat and help people with balance problems is the Wii-Fit. Many studies proved that the use of the Wii-Fit improves balance problems and helps people with diseases that may influence balance. Thus the research question of this paper is; is the Wii-Fit helpful in patients with MS who suffer from balance disorders. Incident MS was first discovered in 1849, although the first known description of a person with MS was from the fourteenth century in Holland (NINDS, 2007). MS is three times more common in women compared to men (NCEZID, DHQP, 2010). However, in patients who develop the MS symptoms later in life, the gender ratio is more equalized (NINDS, 2007). MS is not known as a childhood disorder because the statistics show that only 2 to 5% of the cases start before the age of 16. In addition, many of the MS symptoms are parallel to those of pediatric neurological disorders like metabolic disorders and leukodystrophies (NCEZID, DHQP, 2010). Finally, there is no universally acknowledged diagnostic criterion to diagnose MS in childhood (NCEZID, DHQP, 2010). There are no recent statistics that show specifically how many people have MS in the world, but there are 250,000 to 350,000 patients with MS in the United States diagnosed directly by the physician (NINDS, 2007). This single statistic estimates that 200 new cases are diagnosed each week. The majority of patients with MS experience their initial symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40. Symptoms are rarely seen before the age of 15 or after the age of 60 (NINDS, 2007). Caucasians are two times more susceptible to the disease than any other race (NINDS, 2007). Furthermore, MS is five times more common in temperate climates such as Canada, northern United States, and Europe than in hot and humid region (NINDS, 2007). Scientists have periodically received reports of MS epidemics, and the result was that the Faeroe Islands north of Scotland during World War II had the highest clusters of patients with MS ever. Yet there is no sufficient evidence that there is a direct relationship between the environmental factor and the increasing risk of MS. On the other hand, there is definitive evidence that the risk of developing or even worsening the condition of the disease is greater after acute viral infection (NINDS, 2007). Pathophysiology of MS MS is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) (CALABRESI, 2004). It has no underlying cause and its characterized by axonal demyelination followed by degeneration (CALABRESI, 2004). The demylination specifically affects the myelin sheath, which is a shielding fatty rich protein insulator that covers the axons (Norris, wells, 2007). The myelin sheath aids in the rhythmic flow of the nerve impulses and the transmission of action potentials, which allows the communication between the brain and the different parts of the body (Norris, wells, 2007). However, in patients with MS the myelin sheath is destroyed by the bodys immune system. The immune system, which is the bodys defense system is malfunctioned in patients with MS, it fails to differentiate between the bodys own tissues and the foreign bodies, and starts to send diseased fighting cells to the CNS tissues to begin the destruction of the bodys own myelin sheath. When the bodys immune system starts to attack the bodys tissues this is called an autoimmune disease (Norris, wells, 2007). Patients with MS usually experience their first symptoms as young adults (Norris, wells, 2007). Most of the patients are diagnosed with this condition at a young age, because very often at this age patients are going to school, driving a car, or starting a family. While performing the different activities of their life; patients eventually realize that they are not functioning well and there is something they need to be concerned about. Approximately 80 percent of patients with MS have their symptoms in a relapse and remit state; meaning that the symptoms come and go, making both the diagnosis and prognosis difficult (Norris, wells, 2007). MS is considered a non contagious disease and in most cases it does not shorten the patients life span (Norris, wells, 2007). There are specific types of MS; 80 percent of patients begin with the relapsing-remitting type of MS (RRMS), which is characterized by the short-term flare ups or what is commonly called exacerbations or relapses, and it can last up to three months (Norris, wells, 2007). These relapses are followed by a partial or complete recovery or what is called remission. Women are diagnosed with RRMS more than men (Norris, wells, 2007). A significant number of patients go into a period of remission that lasts up to one year or even more, during this period of remission patients might experience mild symptoms that did not fully recover following the exacerbation or they may be symptoms free. However, even if patients do not get worse between the relapses or even if they dont show any symptoms, there will be continuous changes in the CNS (Norris, wells, 2007). More than 90 percent of patients with RRMS will eventually enter a second phase of RRMS if they were not treated suitably. This is called secondary progressive MS (SPMS) (Norris, wells, 2007). SPMS, occurs when the patient is experiencing worsening of the symptoms progressively. Nearly 80 percent of patients with MS are diagnosed with SPMS (Norris, wells, 2007). Most of the other 20 percent are diagnosed with primary progressive MS (PPMS). This type of MS doesnt show a relapsing and remitting state, instead it is characterized by a progressive and steady worsening of the neurological status of the patient (Norris, wells, 2007). PPMS is fairly divided between the genders unlike the RRMS. Additionally, there are other types of MS but they are very rare such as; malignant or fulminant MS, benign MS, and progressive-relapsing MS (Appendix A) (Norris, wells, 2007). There are many diagnostic tools used to evaluate the status of patients with MS. The most common diagnostic tool is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture (Norris, wells, 2007). MRI, which views the lesions of the brain and spine, uses radiofrequency, computer stimulator, and a big electromagnet to contribute in providing a high quality picture of the brain (Norris, wells, 2007). MRI is used with patients with MS to assess the location and size of the lesions (Norris, wells, 2007). However, inflammation can be better assessed with the use of gadolinium-enhancement, which is a type of dye that is injected in the patient before doing the actual MRI (Norris, wells, 2007). Moreover, the other tool that is commonly used with MS is lumbar puncture or spinal tap; where a thin needle is entered at the base of the spinal cord and a small sample of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected (Norris, wells, 2007). CSF is the liquid that surrounds both the spinal cord and the brain (Norris, wells, 2007). After taking a small sample of the CSF, laboratory tests are initiated to evaluate the chemical and cellular abnormalities of the sample. The physicians mainly look for oligoclonal bands, which are atypical immune proteins called immunoglobulins. These proteins present in the CSF of nearly 90 percent of patients with MS, but these proteins can also occur with other neurological conditions other than MS (Norris, wells, 2007). When comparing the MRI and lumbar puncture, the MRI is more useful and conclusive tool for diagnosing MS. On the other hand, lumbar puncture can be useful in case the MRI results are normal or indecisive therefore its used less often. Othe r less common diagnostic tools for MS are; magnetic resonance spectroscopy and evoked potential tests (Norris, wells, 2007). Symptoms of MS Symptoms of MS can be divided into three categories, the initial symptoms, the prodromal symptoms, and the symptoms that come along the course of MS (W.B Matthews, 1992). The initial symptoms, which appear in the first episode of MS are often taken by the patient from the history. However, the longer the time between the relapse and the questioning, the more inaccurate the information taken from the patient. Recent review of published reports revealed the incidence of the initial symptoms as follows, weakness in one or more limbs 40%, optic neuritis 22%, paraesthesiae 21%, diplopia 12%, vertigo 5%, and disturbance of micturition 5% (W.B Matthews, 1992). The prodromal symptoms are non specific symptoms that involve fatigue, irritability, limb pains, poor memory, and weight loss. These symptoms may be considered insignificant, because at this stage the abnormalities will not be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (W.B Matthews, 1992). Furthermore, there are signs and symptoms that appear along the course of MS and in every advanced case of MS such as: weakness, spasticity, ataxia, tremors, sensory loss, visual disturbances and loss of bladder control (W.B Matthews, 1992; MCW health link, 2007). Then again, there are symptoms that are unusually seen with MS patients and it not proven to be associated with MS or any other medical condition that the patient suffers from such as: narcolepsy, spasmodic torticollis, and the restless legs syndrome (W.B Matthews, 1992). One of the constant features of advanced MS is weakness of the limbs; the most common form of distribution is asymmetrical weakness of both lower limbs. The least common forms of distributions are weakness of one lower limb, one lower limb and one upper limb always on the same side, or weakness of one upper limb (W.B Matthews, 1992). Weakness may be attributed to a slowly progressive case of hemi paresis, which begins with one lower limb, and then progressively more to the upper limb of the ipsilateral side. In the cases of hemiplegia in MS; the face is spared and not influenced by the weakness. However, the weakness can reach the respiratory muscles, which may lead to serious complications and even death (W.B Matthews, 1992). Signs of sudden deterioration include restriction of respiratory movement and rapid shallow breathing; these signs are not to be taken for granted especially if the patient is having weakness in both upper limbs. Weakness in the respiratory muscles may lead to an increase in energy consumption during walking and during performing other types of activities; that is called chronic respiratory weakness (W.B Matthews, 1992). Another feature of advanced MS is spasticity (W.B Matthews, 1992; MCW health link, 2007). Spasticity is a disorder of voluntary movement and increased resistance to passive movement (W.B Matthews, 1992). It usually affects the lower limbs more than the upper limbs. Nevertheless, this increase in tone is beneficial for some patients, because the increase in extensor tone can hold the weak knee extended during walking. However, if the tone increases beyond the reasonable limit, the patient will maintain the foot in planter flexion and that will make ambulation even harder and more difficult to the patient (W.B Matthews, 1992). Obtaining the desired tone to facilitate walking was proved impossible to attain. At the progressive stage of the disease there is an increase in the extensor tone, which is also called extensor spasm. This extensor spasm is considered inconvenient more than disabling e.g., it is extremely painful and occurs at night or when the patient gets out of bed in the mor ning. The patient needs several minutes for the spasm to subside (W.B Matthews, 1992). In advanced cases, flexor tone may take over and that will affect patients ability to walk (W.B Matthews, 1992). Patients may experience frequent falling, and it may be impossible to use a wheelchair. Eventually, patients may develop contractures mainly in the hamstrings and iliopsoas muscles (W.B Matthews, 1992). One of the major symptoms that patients with MS complain of is fatigue (W.B Matthews, 1992; MCW health link, 2007). There are two main types of fatigue in patients with MS; the first type is physical fatigue and the other type is psychological fatigue (MCW Health link, 2007). However, in patients with MS its very difficult to distinguish the cause of the complain, is it from fatigue or weakness (W.B Matthews, 1992). The only factor that distinguishes the pathological fatigue of a patient with MS from an ordinary fatigue of a healthy person is the adverse effect of heat, thus it means when the patient gets lethargic and tired when facing the hot and humid weather (W.B Matthews, 1992). Sensory symptoms are also common to occur with this type of patients especially at the onset of the relapse (W.B Matthews, 1992). Usually the abnormal sensation begins in a single foot, then after few days it spread up to involve the whole bilateral lower limbs, perineum, buttock, and different levels of the trunk that vary with each patient. Patients usually describe the feeling as tingling sensation (W.B Matthews, 1992). There are many other signs and symptoms that may affect the MS patients such as urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence (MCW Health link, 2007). In addition, some patients with MS may complain of pain, restless legs, lhermittes sign, and even mental changes such as dementia, affective disorder, and schizophrenia (W.B Matthews, 1992). Finally, cerebellar dysfunction is a very common feature of advanced MS (W.B Matthews, 1992). This includes nystagmus, cerebellar ataxia, and dysarthria. Cerebellar ataxia can affect the gait. Truncal ataxia, the most common form of cerebellar dysfunction, is observed when the patient is sitting and it contribute to the increasing complaint of poor balance (W.B Matthews, 1992). Conventional treatment The current methods of treatment and medications aim at controlling the symptoms of MS, slowing the progression of the disease itself, and preventing undesirable side effects (MCW Health link, 2007). Significant numbers of people with MS suffer from spasticity (W.B Matthews, 1992; MCW Health link, 2007). Spasticity is often treated with tranquilizers and muscle relaxants such as Baclofen or lioresal, which can be taken orally and in serious cases they are injected into the spinal cord. They are considered the most commonly prescribed medication for spasticity. Other medications that are less commonly used for the treatment of spasticity are Tizanidine or zanaflex, Diazepam or Valium, and clonazepam or Klonopin (MCW Health link, 2007). One of the common problems that patients with MS deal with is visual disturbances (MCW Health link, 2007). Which can recover with time even without any kind of medical intervention, the physician may prescribe a short course of therapy with methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) that may be introduced intravenously. In addition, oral steroids are occasionally used (MCW Health link, 2007). Fatigue, which is the most common symptom of MS can be treated according to its type (MCW Health link, 2007). The physical fatigue can be avoided simply by instructing the patient to avoid heat and excessive physical activity. For psychological fatigue, the physician can prescribe anti-depressant medications for the patient. Other medications that can decrease fatigue are pemoline (Cylert), and amantadine (Symmetrel) (MCW Health link, 2007). Many patients with MS may suffer from different kinds of pain (MCW Health link, 2007). Aspirin or acetaminophen can be very helpful in controlling back pain and muscle pain. Additionally, physical therapy is also advantageous in controlling the pain by correcting the improper posture, and strengthening and stretching the muscles (MCW Health link, 2007). Some patients may develop bladder dysfunction and that can lead to urinary infection as the disease progresses (MCW Health link, 2007). Antibiotics are often used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. In addition, the patient may take vitamin C supplements or drink cranberry juice to acidify the urine and thus to decrease the chance of further infections (MCW Health link, 2007). In patients with urinary incontinence bladder pace-maker can be implanted through surgery. It is controlled by a hand-held device that is carried by the patient, allowing the patient to control the muscles that surrounds the bladder, by contracting the m when emptying the bladder and relaxing them in case of urine retention (MCW Health link, 2007). Patients with MS may develop tremors, which can be often challenging during the therapy course because it often makes the therapy difficult and takes a long time. Tremors can be minimally controlled with drugs, or in severe cases it can be treated with surgical intervention, but the best treatment for the tremors associated with MS is by taking physical therapy (MCW Health link, 2007). Finally, physical therapy rehabilitation is an integral part in the treatment of patients with MS (Patricia G, 2007). Its very necessary that the physical therapy team posses the important knowledge, sensitivity, and experience when dealing with these kinds of patients. In addition, they have to appreciate the variety of symptoms that the patient may suffer from, and know how to deal with every emotional, social, vocational, and financial issues that their patients complain of. The physical therapist goals should be focused on the following: educating the patient about the disease and how to deal with it, providing home programs for dealing with symptoms, making the patient independent as much as possible, offering resources for community programs, providing equipments for the patients and their caregivers (Patricia G, 2007). Wii-Fit Treatment The Wii is a software and a hardware game package that belongs to the Nintendo wii, which is designed mainly to improve fitness and balance while in the same time providing entertainment for the users (Williams et al., 2010). Its a video game that basically detects movement that is taking place on a balance board to allow the individual to play a variety of interactive games (Appendix B). The balance board is a flat board that the individual stands on, and it includes pressure sensors to detect any changes in weight shifting and the center of balance (Williams et al., 2010). Recent studies have shown that the Wii-Fit can be used to treat or improve balance in a number of disorders that affect the balance. In 2010, Williams et al., conducted a study to determine if the Nintendo Wii-Fit is a reliable and useful intervention in community dwelling older adults. Older adults over the age of 70 and have high risk of falling were recruited for the study. They participated in computer-based exercises, and during their participation, fear of falling and balance were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, and 12. After the completion of the program, the participants were interviewed to know if the intervention was beneficial for them or not. Nearly 80% of the participants attended 75% or more of the training sessions, after week 12, the Berg Balance scores were obtained from all the participants and it was found that theres a significant decrease in the risk of falling for the participants. The authors concluded that the Wii-Fit exercise program is beneficial and suitable for p eople with high risk of falling and thus, the Wii-Fit has the ability to improve balance (Williams et al., 2010). Another study was conducted on children with Down syndrome (Abdel Rahman, 2010). Its widely known that children with Down syndrome have lower scores on agility and balance tests compared to other children with other mental impairments. The main idea of this study was to examine if the Wii-Fit is helpful in improving balance in children with Down syndrome. Before starting the trial, balance was tested by using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency for thirty children aged 10 to 13 years with Down syndrome. The children were then equally and randomly divided into two groups; the study group received 6 weeks of Wii-Fit training and the control group received an ordinary physical therapy program. At the end of the program, the study group showed significant improvement in agility and balance compared to the control group. The author recommends that the Wii-Fit games can help in disorders that cause balance problems (Abdel Rahman, 2010). Rationale Based on the literature review of this paper, the use of the Wii-Fit was proven beneficial for patients that have balance problems such as children with Down syndrome and community dwelling older adults that have high risk of falling. In addition, the presented information proved that MS can affect balance significantly. Thus since the Wii-Fit was useful in the cases of Down syndrome and community dwelling older adults, then it is possible that it would be useful in patients with MS that have balance problems. Appendix A Types of MS Appendix B The Wii-Fit package The Balance Board

Essay --

Everything we need is in our daily life is based on demand and supply. The country is based on the effects of both demand and supply. Whenever demand is affected it lead to shortage of various needs that are in demand and whenever supply is affected it leads to shortage of supply in the country’s economy. Moreover the things we need in our daily life is also affected on both demand and supply. Demand leads to the total quantity on goods or services that are needed to buy various commodities and supply is the quantity of goods and services business will make available to make profits. Thus in our daily life everything is based on the demand and supply from a small commodity to a large corporations. Moreover the company’s shares or bonds are also based on the effect off demand and supply. Lower the demand will be the lower price of goods and services and vice-versa. And higher the supply will lead to high price of goods and services. Demand lowers supply in a simple case price of each and every commodity will be affected by demand and supply. Whenever the demand change it will lead to change in the taste of the customer and will lead to change in the taste of fashion for customers, also lead to change in price of related goods i.e goods are not related with each other thus they are of different taste of preference is different. Change in demand will lead to change in number of buyers of economy because when demand changes or exceeds it leads to increase in number of commodity and whenever demand lowers it leads to increase in prices of goods and services. For instance – The price of canada’s farmland is rising on strong demand so that this will increase the number of buyers for various reasons and there will be effect on price of va... ...ses, still moving ahead throughout some days so this increase the demand and supply issue to much extent as both are affected through same number of days with most of the important content with demand and supply related issues. After this we can also bring up after several years of back to back record settings gains. Some investment funds which have already been scaled back on the purchases and are still moving ahead but at a more cautious pace. Both demand and supply are now most important thing that constitutes the world of and economy as most of the economy is dependent upon the demand and supply affect but prices of farmland are rising on strong demand and supply effect. So in Canada now according to other countries demand of particular goods have been increased related to others in the economy. Thus price of demand and supply is related to price in the economy.

Gun Control: Law Abiding Citizens Should be Permitted to Have Guns Essa

Gun Control: Law Abiding Citizens Should be Permitted to Have Guns "Bleeding and weakened from the bullet wound in her chest, Susan Gonzalez aimed her husband's .22-caliber pistol, the one she hated, and emptied it into one of the robbers who had burst through the front door of her rural Jacksonville home"(Pinkham). This story shows that guns can be used to save lives. Americans have gun rights and privileges thanks to the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. It states, "A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." The U.S. Constitution has given the public these privileges so Americans may have the right to protect ourselves with a gun if needs be. In the constitution they made sure to point out Americans have the right "to keep and bear arms". Even though times have changed, the idea of a militia has remained the same as Samuel Adams stated, "The Militia is composed of free citizens," which Americans are all free citizens having the right to bear arms. A person that has the right to bear arms should be a person that can handle that responsibility. There are many laws in place right now to stop people who are irresponsible from buying a gun. The law that is supposed to be the main source of gun control is the Brady Bill. The Brady Bill is named after James Brady, who was shot by John Hinckley during an assassination attempt on President Reagan in 1981. Even though this bill was introduced after this incident, it would not have made a difference in the shootings. John Hinckley had a good record with no mental illness and no felony convictions in any jurisdiction, so the public can't say only criminals use g... ...ady Bill into affect in all the states. Gun legislatures also need to start taking some steps towards making gun offenders too scared to even pick up a gun. The public can't live without guns and most people will never give up their guns. So when the Public comes to that fork in the road lets decide to make people that break the law suffer. The people that abide by the law get to enjoy their guns without fear that it might be used against them or they will have to use it against someone else. Bibliography Brady, Sarah. Chairman, Handgun Control, Incorporated,Hearst Newspapers Special Report "Handguns in America"October 1997 O'Donnell, Rosie. April 21, 1999 Pinkham, Paul.Times-Union staff writer (Jacksonville Fla) Tuesday, July 18,2000<don't know> Thomas, Andrew Peyton "Crime and the Sacking of America:The Roots of Chaos"Washington:Brassey's, 1994

Psychology 285 Week 9 Final Essay

Everyone has asked at point in their lives; who am I? Everyone will go through great lengths to figure out exactly that answer. Because of that no topic in psychology today is more heavily researched than self (Myers, D.G., 2012). These feelings come about for a number of reasons. We develop a number of feelings for reasons that are related to group dynamics, genetics perhaps, and social influence. There are so many influences on the relationships that we develop. Self-concepts There are so many awesome qualities about me I’m honest, very giving, independent and opinionated; however being opinionated can be a blessing and a curse. Growing up I remember being in trouble so much because of my mouth. I was the type of child that needed to get my point across and I was going to get out whatever it was that I needed to say! My mother told me several times lately that she admires my courage when it comes to saying what’s on my mind; she hated it when I was growing up but she respects it now because she holds back a lot afraid to speak up. Knowing that I am extremely opinionated I have to be careful sometimes about the way that I say things to other people. This is because what I say may be without malicious intent however it could come off that way if it’s not carefully expressed! I am so opinionated that I will solicit my opinion to anyone with being asked to solicit it. Especially when it comes to my little sister; she thinks that I’ m being hard on her but I tell her all the time; the day I have nothing to say be worried, I talk because I care! This brings me to being such a giving individual I would give my heart if I was able to continue to live. I have given my last to so many and I expect absolutely nothing in return. I have learned that there is no greater lesson in life than the one of being able to give. I am the type of person who will go through my son, daughter, finance and my own closets just to see what they are no longer wearing to give it away to someone else who can actually use it. I want to set great examples to my children I want them to pay if forward too; but I want them to also know the difference between being a giving person and being an idiot! This brings me to my independence in life. I am such a strong minded person, very level headed so I know what I want and I know exactly what I  need to do to get to where I need to be, by myself! My mother loves the independence in me but she hat es the reasoning behind why I’m so independent. That reason would be because I don’t want to end up like her she’s so dependent on my stepfather that she has absolutely nothing on her own! Her first car came from him; the first time she moved into her own place was because of him, the new house the clothes on her back, the shoes on her feet, down to the food she eats. I don’t want that for myself in any way. My fear is that if I allow someone to do anything in any form for me that they will throw it in my face later. While my mother admires this quality about me my fiancà © hates it so much. He’s constantly fighting me not because he has nothing else to do but because he wants to do more. However along with the fear of having what was done thrown in my face another fear is to allow myself to comply with someone else doing something for me and they aren’t able to later than I feel like I set myself up for failure. This aspect of my life is r evolved around issues of trust in my opinion. I know that I have trust issues I am always afraid of being hurt in some way whether it be because I was let down or because my heart was broken. My world is great and everything is exactly the way it should be until someone else tries to help. This is what one would call self-serving bias. Self-serving bias plays an extremely major part of mine and anyone else’s life we would all love to believe we’re a super hero all of the time, but when something goes wrong have you ever you ever seen the super hero take the blame? Never that is the sidekick’s job! The concept of self-serving bias has opened my eyes up to taking more responsibility for my own actions and stop using the actions of others to feel better about a situation that has gone wrong. This is why now I feel that I have an internal locus of control I believe that I am what influence the ripple effect of the events of my life. My actions have reaction weather I like the reactions or not they are still because of me and no one else! Attitudes and feelings Confirmation bias influences the perception of yourself and the people around me because we all want what we believe to be true! Take this for example my mother doesn’t very much care for my fiancà © she doesn’t really have a reason, because he does everything that he is supposed to do and more sure we have an argument here and there but to her it’s abusive. So she says  thing like this; â€Å"See I told you he doesn’t care about anyone but himself, look at how he speaks to you he doesn’t care.† I explain to her that it’s unfair to say that about him especially when things were said in the heat of the moment. Confirmation bias can destroy you because you are always looking for the next thing to support your beliefs. My sister thought that her husband was cheating with my cousin, (this was not true) so everything that my brother in law and cousin did together it was inappropriate and because they were sleeping together. I tried so ma ny times to tell her that they weren’t sleeping with one another but she had it in her head that they were so much that she actually pushed them together (self-fulfilling prophecy). She pushed and pushed so much that the untrue theory became true. I was hurt for her when this happened because these beliefs ended up generating their own confirmation. Behaviors influence attitude in so many ways, each day of my life behaviors influence my attitude. My step brother for example to me his behavior is very perverted is says things about my little sisters that he should not referencing the rear ends and other parts of their bodies as well as mine extremely inappropriate this behavior influences my attitude towards him because I don’t trust him as a result, I don’t want him around any of our sisters, or my infant daughter, I don’t even trust him around my son! My attitude toward him is extremely negative and I hate when he’s around. Another way that behavior affect attitude is through imitating your parents because the attitudes and beliefs of your parents have a strong impact on your life later. The topic of exhibiting the behavior of my parents brings me to gender roles. Our gender roles are defined by our own conceptions of being a male or female. Social influence: In certain situations I am willing to conform to a degree, but I am not willing to conform completely for an entire group to make it easier on the group. I enjoy being an individual I never want to blend in with the crowd I always want to stand out. I know this because at work there are so many groups of people who only want to hang out with that group of people they are all so caught up with who’s doing what and why that they completely lose focus of why we are even at work in the first place. I on the other hand  don’t feel that I have the time for that it’s childish so I am all about my work and nothing else! When our Post Master comes around they will all scrabble to go back to work or act as if they are working so that they won’t get into trouble! A person of authority influences obedience because the authority figure has the power to discipline. The foot in the door technique is one that is used in my profession a lot when the new comers come on to the job a co-worker will began to ask for small favors and those small favors turn into large favors. I have used this technique in new relationships to see just how far I can get him to go for me. I will change in the presence of others depending on who the person is if it’s an elder I won’t swear, if it’s a younger group of my peers I will relax more but it really depends on the group. When working with groups there are always slackers in the group they do the least expecting the same amounts of credit. This is something that I have struggled with in school and in work because it’s completely unfair to the group. This is called being lazy and being lazy is completely unattractive. Factors that attract me to someone are whether or not they are intellectually stimulating to me, smart, fun loving, easy going, handsome, tall, and has a great sense of humor. That’s not to say that what’s attractive to me is attractive to the next person. Just because they are attractive doesn’t mean that everything is going to be great there may be some conflict and in resolving conflict you must talk it out, speaking on your concerns and try using the I exercise saying how you feel as oppose to the blame game because no one will be receptive to that!

Ballot or the Bullet

People would come from all over the country to Harlem, New York in the year 1964 to listen to Malcolm Little, better known as Malcolm X, give his speeches about having more civil rights for the black community. He claimed that they should try to spend money inside of their community to help it prosper and prevent it from becoming a slum or a ghetto. He compared their situation many times to when America was first starting and how they had to fight for their freedom from Britain.Malcolm X talked about Patrick Henry and how he said, â€Å"Give me liberty or give me death† and was saying that they need to stand up for what they want. He said that there can not be a revolution with blood shed but America is in a position right now where they can be involved in a â€Å"Bloodless revolution. † One thing that he repeated throughout his speech was that it would be the â€Å"ballot or the bullet† (Malcolm X). This meant that they would either get what they asked for or th ey would have to fight for it.In Malcolm X’s speech he addressed different rhetorical strategies to convey his message to the people of Harlem. One way the speaker attempted to sway his audience to feel the way that he did was by telling the people that he was educated about how the white people felt when they were suppressed by Britain. The white people of the time were being taxed without representation. He learned who Patrick Henry was and how he would rise up and say â€Å"Liberty or death† which is the equivalent to what Malcolm X’s slogan was, ballot or the bullet.He said that, the statement â€Å"Liberty or death† brought freedom to the white people in this country and that if they could do it, so could he and his supporters. He also talked about how he knew the new generations of black people in this country didn’t care how far the odds were against them; they wanted to fight for their rights to be equals to the white people of America. The y would ignore the odds altogether until they had succeeded in what they have come to do.Later, Malcolm uses emotion to get his message across to his audience when he talks about how America right now could be the only place to have ever had a bloodless revolution by simply succumbing to what the black population wanted and give them their civil rights. He said that usually you aren’t in a position where you love your enemy but here is a time where they love America but just would like to be treated as equals along with the rest of the population.Malcolm also said that Uncle Sam was the one that created this problem in the first place and going to his court expecting him to fix the problem would do absolutely nothing because he is the criminal and he is the one that needs to be fixed. A little bit later he talks about how Afro-American churches are being bombed, little girls getting murdered, and leaders of the black population getting shot in broad daylight. He asks why this isn’t being brought to the UN when these sorts of things that happen in other countries go directly to the UN. Then Malcolm says that it is their turn to take their case to the UN.He says that there he will have the support of all different ethnicities, including the 800 million Chinese people out there. Malcolm also talks about how Uncle Sam is able to stand up and represent himself as the leader of the free world when he is violating the human rights of over 22 million Afro-Americans. Malcolm used different methods to try to get his feelings across to his audience but they all were directed towards the same purpose; to try to get the civil rights of the black population in America at the time. This worked to a degree, it got people all riled up to fight for their civil rights.He first talked about how when America was first starting they didn’t like it when their civil rights were suppressed and that the Afro-Americans feel the same way they want their rights. Then Malcolm talks about how this revolution doesn’t have to include any death as long as America listens to the black communities requests. He purposes that it is time to go to the UN and have them help sort this out with the help of other countries. He sums up his whole speech in four words and those words are â€Å"ballot or the bullet† they will get what they want or they will fight for it.

Harmonium: Acidic Soil Essay

The poem harmonium examines the relationship of a father and son. I think Armitage has written this poem for parents and children as they would be able to relate to the emotions in the poem. The Author uses the Farrand Chappelette which is a type of Harmonium or small organ to help him reflect the love that he has for his father. In the first stanza the poet talks about the Farrand Chappelette which was â€Å"gathering dust† telling us that it is getting old and it was due to be taken to the skip if Armitage had not wanted it. In the final line of the first stanza Armitage declare that he could have it for a â€Å"song â€Å" an idiom which means that he could have had it very cheap. In the second stanza the poet talks about the sunlight through the glass which could â€Å"beatify saints† in other words bless them and make them more god like and above normal people. Armitage the contrasts this positive statement by saying it had â€Å"aged† the harmoniums case and â€Å"yellowed the fingernails of its keys†. I the last few lines Armitage tells us how the harmonium is played by telling us the organist plays it by continuously pedalling the pedals. In the 3rd stanza the poet talks about the age of the organ and how he and his father had sung there and were good singers. The 4th stanza is the most powerful one as he talks about his father coming to help pick up the harmonium and his father jokes saying that one day he will â€Å"shoulder† his father’s â€Å"dead weight meaning his coffin when he dies. Armitage finds it hard to reply to such a poignant remark because of the emotion of he feels at the thought of his father’s death. I think the poem has a mixture of moods from the first verse to the last and moods that are very contrasting such as the first 2 stanzas are quite happy emotions about how the sun gleams through the glass and the last verse is about the emotions of his father dying. The poet uses many techniques in the poem such as metaphors for example â€Å"fingernails† describing how the sun has ruined the keys of the organ. Also the poet uses personification saying that one of the notes has â€Å"lost its tongue. In the 3rd stanza Armitage uses alliteration twice in the same line, the â€Å"hummed harmonics still struck a chord†. I think this the poet is trying to tell us that the harmonium is close to his heart even though it is old and aged and i think that â€Å"struck a chord† has a double meaning that it also triggered a memory of him singing in church which the verse then goes onto say. I think the message of the poem is that one day your parents will die and the thought of that is not very comforting but remembering the good and bad times can help you get through this. The poem for me is written from the heart and is emotionally very overpowering and the last verse is so powerful that it makes me understand that someone close to me will die one day and I will be too shocked and late to prevent it. When the unfortnate event of acidic soil strike some farms, plants are unable to grow. Using slakes of lime which is a base cancels out the acid in the soil. You need to check the righ amount of acidity in the soil in order to put the same amount of base so that you do not over do it and keep it neutral. This process is called NEUTRALISATION. After the lime is inserted the acidity will fade away and the plants will grow. Farmers add lime, calcium oxide, to soil to help neutralise the soil as most plants grow best in neutral or slightly alkali soil. The lime can cancel out the acidity caused by acid rain. In agriculture, calcium carbonate may be added to acidic soil. The calcium carbonate enters into a neutralization reaction with some of the acid in the soil water, and the soil pH becomes more basic. In farming nitrogen oxide reacts with OH from the rain to form nitric acid which then acidifies the soil making it hard for the plants to grow. The acid stops the growth of the roots therefore the plant cannot absorb enough nutrients which makes the plant grow very slowly and sometimes turn a yellow colour due to the large amounts of acid. N02 + OH = HNO3 This is a huge problem for farmers so they spray calcium carbonate onto the acidic soil to neutralize the soil so that the pants can grow better and faster which is needed for farmers to make a better profit it and the reaction produces produces the calcium nitrate. CaCO3 + HNO3 = Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 The plants can then use these nitrate ions in the soil and combine them with glucose to make amino acids which the plant the uses for proteins which help it grow and turns the acidic soil into more nutrients for the plant which it needs to grow.

Fight Club Conformity Analysis Essay

Conformity is a major theme in Fight Club, and there are a number of specific scenes that display the rejection of it and characters falling victim to it, sometimes unbeknownst to them. The Narrator, our main character, is a complex individual. He fits into almost every textbook example of social psychology. He is a complete nutcase. In fact, he is so incredibly insane, that he creates an imaginary friend with whom he transforms himself into a different person, free from the bonds of society, free from conformity, free to change the way he lives. Or does he? The film starts off with the Narrator losing sleep, for what reason we aren’t sure. He then proceeds to tell us how he lived his life. He works a 9 to 5 job in a cubicle with people that dress business casual. He owns a small apartment filled with furniture, appliances, and even dishware that he felt defined him best as a person. His Strinne green striped sofa. Rislampa wire lamps made out of environmentally-friendly unbleached paper. The Hovvetrekke Home Exerbike. He is obsessed with creating a self-image that is socially acceptable to others in his life. The Narrator starts breaking out of this normative mold when he meets Tyler Durden. He even proposes during a montage of his daily routine on the job, â€Å"If you wake up in a different time, in a different place, could you wake up as a different person?† Tyler is his fellow conspirator in his personal resistance, his partner in crime. He needed someone else to resist the social norms with, so he took the easy way out, and made one up. After the Narrator’s apartment blows up, he grabs a couple drinks with his new imaginary friend, and then shacks up with him. They start fight nights in the parking lot behind Lou’s tavern. As their group grows larger, they move it to Lou’s basement. The more Tyler and the gang meet at their fight club, the less the Narrator cares about his job and life, and the more anti-conformist he becomes. He strolls into work disheveled and with dried blood on his shirt. He’s missing some teeth. He smokes indoors. He just doesn’t give a shit. At one point our two main characters get on a bus. The Narrator glances up at a Gucci ad and says, â€Å"I felt sorry for guys packed into gyms trying to look like how Calvin Klein or Tommy Hilfiger said they should,† and remarking to Tyler, â€Å"Is that what a man looks like?† to which he responds, â€Å"Self-improvement is masturbation†¦now, self destruction†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This particular scene is very ironic, as the Narrator is shunning something that he actually wants to be—Tyler is a projection of his ideal self. He even reveals this in the hotel room scene where the Narrator â€Å"realizes† that they are the same person: â€Å"All the ways you wish you could be, that’s me. I look like you wanna look, I fuck like you wanna fuck, I am smart, capable, and most importantly, I am free in all the ways that you are not.† Therefore, the Narrator is actually conforming by creating a self that is generally more likeable and accepted in society’s eyes. He caves in to normative social influence, and at the same time believes that he has completely rejected it. There is a double meaning to this however, in the one line that starts it off: â€Å"You were looking for a way to change your life. You could not do this on your own.† Tyler was the ally the Narrator needed to break the monotony of his daily routine, to break free from normative social influence. We need just one other person to believe in the cause. There can be a leader, but nothing will happen just because of one person. If you are starting a movement, or a revolution in this case, at least one other person needs to join your cause, and believe in it. That one member needs to privately accept the fact that what you are talking about, what you preach, is the actual truth. And, as more people join a movement, the less risky it is for others to join. â€Å"Fight club. This was mine and Tyler’s gift. Our gift to the world.† Tyler gave every â€Å"normal† man the keys to himself, the one everybody wants to be. As their fight club grows progressively larger, it raises the question: why are so many others conforming to something that they would normally never take part in? Are they rejecting social norms as well? Or has this fight club in turn become the norm, and therefore members are joining it to fit in? Perhaps it is a case of minority influence, when a few influence the many.  Tyler and the Narrator have held the same viewpoint for a while now, months even, that they do not care about clever art or Swedish furniture, and they are comfortable admitting that they have scars from fighting. With this unwavering view, others start to take notice, and even begin to respect their ideology. They join fight club to become loyal members. After a while, Tyler decides that they have to expand or â€Å"move out of the basement,† and hence creates Project Mayhem. People do not always cave into peer pressure. If that is true, then when do we break? When do we give in and conform? According to Bibb Penis Latanà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s social impact theory, it all depends on three specific factors: strength, how important the group is to you; immediacy, how close the group is to you in space and time; and the number of people in the group. The last factor operates differently than you might think however—the larger a group is, the less each additional person has an influence on others. Ever since starting the first fight club, Norton’s character has garnered such a reputation that he has gained a following. People start showing up on his doorstep, waiting and waiting until they gain permission to enter the house and start â€Å"training.† A sole applicant dressed in all black waits on their porch, by himself, for what appears to be days on end. Tyler comes out a talks smack, beats him with a broom, and talks some more smack. But the app licant isn’t going to give up easy. He wants to be accepted, and is willing to put himself through this rigorous test to become Project Mayhem’s first member. After Tyler lets him in, he shaves his head, with Tyler remarking that he looks like a monkey ready to shot into space. He has mentioned this earlier in the film: â€Å"The first soap was made from the ashes of heroes; like the first monkey shot into space! Without pain, without sacrifice, we would have nothing.† As soon as the first member is in, two more show up on the doorstep. It grows and grows and grows until Project Mayhem is no longer a small group, but an army. The Narrator says during this sequence â€Å"Sooner or later, we all became what Tyler wanted us to be.† Which was what? Mindless, obedient robots. And, since the first (and second) rule of Project Mayhem is â€Å"you do not ask questions,† not a single member can question the tasks they are given, and therefore are forced to conform to Tyler’s (or for the sake o f making sense, the Narrator’s) wishes. Like the Milgram experiments  and the My Lai massacre, Tyler’s robots are so obedient, that they won’t hesitate and question their actions or accept personal responsibility—they just do it. Tyler is capitalizing on the fact that they respect him for who he is and what he has done. They believe in Tyler and his decisions (â€Å"In Tyler we trusted†), as he was every member’s ally when they wanted to break out of their social norms and become the man they have always wanted to be. Obviously everybody thought about it. â€Å"People do it every day. People talk to themselves, people see themselves as they’d like to be.† Their basement get-togethers were right in everyone’s face—Tyler just made it visible. It was on the tip of everyone’s tongue; Tyler just gave it a name. Without the ability to question authority, Tyler’s â€Å"space monkeys† start wreaking havoc all across the city. It started out as â€Å"homework assignments,† destroying satellite antennas, magnetizing video rentals, and defacing billboards. Then it was amped up: trashing franchise coffee bars, setting buildings on fire, and blowing up pieces of corporate art. Members of Project Mayhem are comfortable with this, because according to their set of rules, they â€Å"have no names.† This is deindividuation at its finest. With such a large group of people, all in this case anonymous, nobody takes any responsibility for their actions. They even wear ski masks on a couple of their assignments, further deindividualizing them. A study done by Robert Watson in 1973 found that warriors who hid their identities before going into battle—for example, by using face and body paint—were significantly more likely to kill, torture or mutilate captive prisoner s than warriors who did not hide their identities. Thanks in part to their ski masks, one of the members of Project Mayhem dies on their last assignment; his body is brought back to the house. Here conformity is at its most rampant, as members will snap to whatever direction is given in a moments notice. Angel Face (Leto’s character) tells them to bury the body and immediately they start to lift it off the table. The Narrator stops them, shouting that he is a real person, a friend of his, a man with a name. One member instantly takes this information and transforms it to fit within the properties of their group, claiming â€Å"in death, members of Project Mayhem, have a name.† The other space monkeys surrounding the table then immediately start chanting his name, over and over. It is at this point that our main character snaps, and takes off  to find out what kind of monster he created.